Keepass

• Background information: https://www.heise.de/news/Open-Source-Adventskalender-Der-Passwort-Manager-KeePass-6288780.html

Features

• Different passwords for different accounts.
• MFA for modern accounts/services- this becomes so easy, use it wherever it is possible.
• No single device dependency. Your passwords are where you are.
• Splitted security levels (multiple databases).
• Awesome browser integration.
• Sharing credentials (multiple databases) via cloud storage.

Description

KeePass is a tool to store and manage passwords. Apps are freely available for

• MacOS/Windows/Linux - KeePass: https://keepassxc.org/.

• Android: KeepassDX

• iOS - https://keepassium.com/

How KeePassXC works

• KeePassXC create/open/edit/save password-databases in a single file.
• A password-database is basically an encrypted file, where you can store your various usernames/passwords/URLs and also attachments like pictures or other important / private documents.
• A password-database can only be opened if you know the Master-Password. The Master Password is the key to all your stored passwords.
• If you forgot your Master-Password, you cannot access your stored passwords anymore.
• Encryption -- either the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or the Twofish algorithm are used for encryption of the database in 256 bit sized increments

• All features: http://www.keepassx.org/features/

Creating a Password Database

• Click on "File" --> "New Database..."

• you will be prompted to set a master key. Input your master password (the master password for all your other stored passwords). Then click "OK"
• repeat your master password. click "OK".
• chose a group. (Standard choices are Internet of eMail. You can also create your own groups).

• click on "Entries" --> "Add New Entry..."

• Input the information you need
  • Title: a short description of the entry
  • Username: your username
  • URL: on what homepage do you need the password
  • Password: your password
  • Repeat: repeat your password
  • Comment: a longer description of the entry

• click on "File" --> "Save Database"

• chose a location and a name for your password database. click "OK"

Best practice: Sync Database via cloud

• Only use a cloud service if you need to sync your passwords over several devices.
• Decide on your own:
  • Pro 'cloud':
    • all of your confidental data on all devices.
    • creates automatically backups.
  • Contra 'cloud':
    • If your cloud access is compromised or the cloud service provider is compromised: the thief owns the treasure.

• US based cloud provider like Google Drive, Dropbox, Apple iDrive, Microsoft OneDrive:

  • Those services are very attractive to hackers.
  • The NSA has the right to get all data from US companies. After Snowden it's for sure, the NSA is not friendly.

  • Rule of thumb: Don't use US hosted / company based services for confidential data.

• Local cloud storage provider:

  • https://drive.switch.ch - Switch Eduction cloud service - switchdrive

  • https://drive.math.uzh.ch - I-MATH

• How to:

  • On all devices where you like to sync your KeePass database file, install and configure drive.math.uzh.ch

  • Open the KeePass database file on all of your devices directly from the cloud folder.

• Automatic merge of databases: Even if KeePassXC has a database opened, changes on a different device (e.g. phone) and sync via cloud, becomes immediately active.
  • If you work in a team: no change, everyone can open the local copy - changes will be merged.

Browser integration / MFA Setup / Passkeys

• KeePassXC can be used from within a browser (Chrome, Chromium, Firefox, Vivaldi, Brave, ...)
• Browser connection to KeePassXC is nice: different browsers offer the same accounts/credentials - if synced via cloud than also on different computers.
• TOTP service (one time token).
• Passkeys support.

Finally:

• no more MS-Authenticator app needed (what if MS is down, and you like to log on any service which uses MS as login method)

• no more single device dependency (Phone at home, ...)

• login to any MFA protected website without a mobile phone - Biggest advantage: your second token are controlled by you, not any provider.

• still secure.

Settings

• Settings > Browser Integration > Enable integration ...: Chrome, Firefox, ...

Browser Plugin

• Install the corresponding browser plugin (links to app store: check settings dialog '5' )
• Passkeys have to explicitly enabled in the browser plugin:

Regular Username / Password

• Take care that the keepass icon on the top right is 'green' = connection to database is active.
• Open the login page in the browser.

• Click on the small green kp icon.
• Choose the account.

MFA

TOTP

• To use TOTP with Microsoft Office 365 login: Add another (than MS-Authenticator-) app, as second factor How To

• Add TOTP functionality to individual accounts: Account > right mouse click > TOTP > Setup TOTP

• On a MFA-TOTP secured login website, just login as usual with keepass, on the next page, where the one time token is requested, click again on the green symbol.

Hint:

• On the TOTP setup you have to provide the 'shared secret'.

• The shared scecret is provided by the website which hosts the login, typically where the MFA can be configured.
  • Either in plaintext like 'ABCD EFGH 1234 IJKL 5678 MNOP QRST UV89'.

  • Or as a QR code to scan. Here sometimes it's a URL or a fido string. If it is not in plaintext in the URL, hopefully the assigned app (=keepassdx) opens.

Passkey

• Passkey / webauthn are offered as an additional way to use MFA.

• Passkeys offers more security than TOTP and should be used when possible.
• But: Some websites work better than others. E.g. eduid.ch is ok, gitlab is ok but with popup, Microsoft is broken for Linux/Chrome/KeePassXC, ...

Same account / different URLs

• Some services, especially Microsoft (https://login.live.com/, https://login.microsoftonline.com/), uses different URLs to login.

• Per account, add further URLs: